Name                  : Fadil Akbar Syach
Class/Jurusan    : 1 A/D3 Kesehatan Gigi
Nim                     :221051030

How to deal with mucocystitis using honey

Maintain Dental Health using honey

Maintaining healthy teeth and mouth is not only important for adults, but needs to be done since childhood. How important is it and how to deal with dental and oral health? Check out the following reviews.

Mucocystitis and its conditions

Mucositis is a term used to describe the condition of the cells mucosa that is reddish in color, erosive, inflamed and ulcerated. Mucositis can occur in the oral mucosa, pharynx, esophagus, and tract gastrointestinal. Oral mucositis is a condition characterized by:erythema, inflammation, erosive and ulceration that occurs in the mucosal cells throughout The oral cavity includes the lips, tongue, gingiva and the buccal, labial and palatal mucosa.

Mucositis occurs in several phases

The current phase is very complex and Iation involving the entire cell. Network and various elements behavior that will affect the oral mucosa. That phase is, phase vascular phase, epithelial phase, ulceration phase and healing phase. Normally the epithelium will produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a product of cellular metabolism When the epithelial cells are injured, the cells will produce excessive ROS so it is difficult for the body to neutralize ROS. The next phase is the epithelial phase, characterized by tissue destruction due to cytokines. Next will be the third phase or the ulcer phase. In this phase tissue destruction continues and will be exacerbated by the presence of bacterial colonization causes increased inflammation. Furthermore, if the body's homeostasis takes place optimally then the body will go through the fourth phase. The fourth phase is a phase healing in which the body's immune system can suppress and control activity cytokines, thereby reducing inflammation and cardiac destruction.

Causes of mucositis

The cause of mucositis is caused by iatorgenic, bacteria, viruses,

and mushrooms.

Factors predisposing to mucositis

The causes of mucositis are the use of dentures, trauma to the oral cavity, such as being bitten, lack of oral hygiene, smoking malignancy hematology, as well as infections caused by iatrogenic, bacterial, viral, and mold . The severity of mucositis for each patient is generally a risk The occurrence of mucositis in post-chemotherapy patients is influenced by various factors. These factors are the type of malignancy, age, previous history of mucositis, presence of other diseases (AIDS, DM) nutritional status and alcohol use and smoking habit. Another thing that affects mucositis is the type of drug anti-depressant drugs, anti-histamines, anti-hypertension, o

Honey

Honey is a naturally sweet liquid derived from the plant nectar it produces by honey bees. Nectar is the liquid contained in the flower crown. the taste is sweet and natural with a delicate aroma that is usually absorbed by bees and wasps (Nurhidayahtun, 2012). According to Suranto, one of the researchers, the content in honey is between others fructose, glucose, maltose, sucrose, sugar, minerals, gluconic acid, nitrogen, water, pH, and protein. Honey also contains 17% water, 40% levulose (sugar fruit/fructose), 34% dextrose (sugar from grapes) 20% sucrose, 2% dextrin and some silicon, Cu (cuprum/copper) manganese, chlorine, calcium, magnesium, ferum (iron). Other ingredients are hydrogen compounds peroxide (H2O2) which can kill bacteria and microorganisms pathogens. While studies using honey in reducing mucositis have been conducted, including research conducted (Biswal, 2010) in In this study, 40 patients who received at least 20 ml performed 15 minutes before, 15 minutes after, 6 hours after radio therapy. Another reason why honey can prevent and treat mucositis is because honey contains hydrogen peroxide in honey safe concentrations that can be tolerated by the body. Hydrogen peroxide can activate proteases through oxidation. Hydrogen peroxide in honey is effective for inhibiting bacterial growth (Nurhidayah, 2012).

The benefits of honey for dental and oral health.

including: 

- Disinfectant for the oral cavity because of its high mineral content This natural honey has alkaline properties.

- Medicine for canker sores, gingivitis, bad breath and throat infections, with how to gargle with fresh honey.

- Heals chapped or peeled lips by applying them on lips.

- Effective to prevent tooth decay. Water-binding properties of honey makes the bacteria lack water to reproduce themselves. Water activation.

honey inhibits the growth of bacteria and the pH of honey ranges from 3.2 to 4.5 low enough to inhibit bacterial growth in general. The main anti-bacterial activity in honey is hydrogen related peroxide formed enzymatically. The hydrogen peroxide level produced are antibacterial but do not harm body tissues.

Mechanism of oral care

Honey can be used to prevent mucositis. Such honey must medical honey, namely pure honey, hygienic, processed quickly and inspection has been carried out does not contain harmful substances or bacteria. Type The honey used is a type of multiflora honey that grows a lot in tropical countries like Indonesia and has good anti-bacterial properties after manuka honey (Nurhidayah, 2012). Honey can be given as an agent topical, which is applied to the oral cavity after brushing your teeth, a lot of honey which is applied as much as 20 ml, after smearing wait for 5 minutes so that honey can be absorbed by the mucosal capillary cells, after that honey is allowed swallowed. In order to ensure that all oral mucosa is exposed by honey, then honey is also given as a mouthwash, the method of preparation mouth rinse is, by diluting 1 tablespoon (15ml) with warm water as much as 50 ml. This liquid is ready to be used as a mouth waser. Gargling is done for 30-60 seconds.

Implementation method 

How to treat oral hygiene in patients with decreased level of consciousness According to Perry (2010), as for the treatment of patients with decreased awareness is:

Tools and materials

- Fresh water

- Pure honey

- Spatel tongue with a pad or sponge

- Face towel

- Little Kom

- Bent

- A glass with cold water

- Gloves

- Tweezers

Action procedure

1. Wash hands and wear gloves

2. Test for the presence of a gag reflex by placing a tongue blade over it

the back of the tongue

3. Inspection of the oral cavity

4. Place the towel under the patient's face and bend it under the chin

5. Stretch the patient's upper and lower teeth with a tongue blade insert the barrel of the spatula gently between the rear molars.

6. Clean the patient's mouth using a tongue blade moistened with water. Wipe as needed during cleaning. clean up chewing surface and inner surface first. clean the roof mouth and the inside of the cheeks and lips. Rub your tongue but avoid it cause a gag reflex if present. Moisten a clean applicator with water, and scrub mouth to wash. Repeat as needed

7. Apply pure honey on oral mucositis

8. Explain to the family that part of the action has been completed.

9. Return the patient to a comfortable position

10. Clean the equipment and put it back in place

11. Check again if necessary

12. Wash hands.

To evaluate the action taken, namely the moist mucosa of the lips not dry, the client's oral cavity is clean and there is fungus in the mouth reduced, the client looks comfortable.

Conclusion

Based on the actions taken against the 5 clients, the author concluded that oral care uses honey in overcoming mucositis in stroke clients at the Army Presidential Hospital Gatot Soebroto Jakarta got 100% results achieved which is marked with moist oral mucosa, no inflammation, fungus in the oral cavity reduced and the lips are not dry / chapped. So the author states that oral care using honey in dealing with mucositis